The principle of combined preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors

The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of preoperative diagnosis of patients with thyroid tumors and to assess the use of cancer-embryonic antigen and immunocytochemical research. Materials and methods: Patients were interviewed about their complaints and lifestyle; performed ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, determination of the level of cancer-embryonic antigen (CEA), cytological and immunocytochemical researches. Results: The Benign process in the thyroid gland is low serum REA (less than 0.95 ng / ml), poor expression of thyroglobulin (77.8%), negative reaction with TTF-1 (100%) and cytokeratin-19 (55.6%). Differential-prognostic markers of thyroid neoplasms with risk of malignancy include increased serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of a moderate reaction with antibodies to thyroglobulin (80.0%), a positive reaction — to TTF-1 (100.0%) and E-cadherin (90.0%), with moderate or strong expression of cytokeratin-19 (90.0%). Statistically significant markers of malignant thyroid disease were determined: the presence of harmful factors at work (45.5%), smoking (27.3%), elevated serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of strong cytoplasmic expression of thyroglobulin (63.6%), moderate or strong expression of TTF-1 (90.9%) and cytokeratin-19 (81.8%). Conclusions: The most appropriate and practically significant for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors is a set of several diagnostic methods, which are carried out in one hospital – ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, cytomorphological, and immunocytochemical and REA levels in a primary screening

The role of the laboratory service in the timely assessment of risk factors in patients with thyroid nodules as a tool to prevent postoperative complications

Aim: To study of thyroid hormones with one-time determination of risk factors in the laboratory. Material and methods: The examination included the following researches: questionnaire, ultrasound examination with fine-needle aspiration (FNA), cytological examination, determination of the concentration of thyroid hormones and determining the body mass index. Results and conclusions: the size and area of the tumor according to ultrasound (H = 2.30, p> 0.05 and H = 1.92, p> 0.05, respectively). At the same time, patients of the 1st group were younger in age than (when) compared with patients of other groups. For benign thyroid tumors (group I) are characterized by the following data: the level of free thyroxine (FT4) in the serum of 66.7% of patients did not exceed normal and averaged 14.0 (8.0-16.29) pmol/l. Group with suspected tumor malignancy include: very low concentration of FT4 in serum (1.94 (1.44-7.00) pmol/l); high level of FT3 production in 40.0% of cases with a shift of the mean values to the upper limit of the reference interval. Thyroid status of patients with malignant thyroid tumors (group III) is characterized by elevated levels of TSH compared with benign tumors (p <0.05) and suspected malignancy of the tumor (p <0.1). A significant decrease in the production of FT4 in the serum (7.4 times compared with the benign course; p <0.001) against the background of average regulatory levels of FT3